[
  {
    "id": "wapo_ff",
    "title": "Fatal Force: police shootings database (README and methodology)",
    "publisher": "The Washington Post",
    "url": "https://github.com/washingtonpost/data-police-shootings",
    "published": "2025-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "open-database",
    "cadence": "Static since tracking ended 2024-12-31"
  },
  {
    "id": "wapo_db",
    "title": "Police shootings database 2015-2024: search by race, age, department",
    "publisher": "The Washington Post",
    "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/",
    "published": "2025-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "interactive-database",
    "cadence": "Static (2015-2024 window frozen)"
  },
  {
    "id": "mpv",
    "title": "Mapping Police Violence",
    "publisher": "Campaign Zero",
    "url": "https://mappingpoliceviolence.us/",
    "published": "2026-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "activist-database",
    "cadence": "Continuous"
  },
  {
    "id": "mpv_2024",
    "title": "Mapping Police Violence: 2024 Was the Deadliest Year for Police Violence",
    "publisher": "Campaign Zero",
    "url": "https://campaignzero.org/research/mapping-police-violence-2024-was-the-deadliest-year-for-police-violence/",
    "published": "2025-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "annual-report",
    "cadence": "Annual (year-end)"
  },
  {
    "id": "fatal_encounters",
    "title": "Fatal Encounters: a searchable national database of people killed during interactions with police",
    "publisher": "Fatal Encounters (D. Brian Burghart)",
    "url": "https://fatalencounters.org/",
    "published": "2021-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "crowd-sourced-database",
    "cadence": "Volunteer updates wound down after 2021"
  },
  {
    "id": "fbi_uof",
    "title": "National Use-of-Force Data Collection",
    "publisher": "Federal Bureau of Investigation (UCR)",
    "url": "https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/more-fbi-services-and-information/ucr/use-of-force",
    "published": "2026-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "federal-collection",
    "cadence": "Quarterly participation updates"
  },
  {
    "id": "fbi_pr_2022",
    "title": "FBI Releases Third Quarter 2022 Statistics from the National Use-of-Force Data Collection",
    "publisher": "Federal Bureau of Investigation",
    "url": "https://www.fbi.gov/news/press-releases/fbi-releases-third-quarter-2022-statistics-from-the-national-use-of-force-data-collection",
    "published": "2022-12-05",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "press-release",
    "cadence": "Quarterly"
  },
  {
    "id": "usafacts_uof",
    "title": "What the data says about law enforcement use of force",
    "publisher": "USAFacts",
    "url": "https://usafacts.org/articles/what-the-data-says-about-law-enforcement-use-of-force/",
    "published": "2026-02-05",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "analysis",
    "cadence": "Occasional"
  },
  {
    "id": "guardian_counted",
    "title": "The Counted: people killed by police in the US",
    "publisher": "The Guardian",
    "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/jun/01/the-counted-police-killings-us-database",
    "published": "2017-01-01",
    "accessed": "2026-07-21",
    "kind": "interactive-database",
    "cadence": "Ended after 2016"
  },
  {
    "id": "lancet_gbd",
    "title": "Fatal police violence by race and state in the USA, 1980-2019: a network meta-regression",
    "publisher": "GBD 2019 Police Violence US Subnational Collaborators, The Lancet",
    "url": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01609-3/fulltext",
    "published": "2021-10-02",
    "accessed": "2026-07-22",
    "kind": "peer-reviewed-study",
    "cadence": "One-time (1980-2019)"
  }
]